Select all that apply.
- seizures
- irritability
- restlessness
- disorientation
- severe headache
- nausea and vomiting
A college student presents at the emergency department after being thrown off a horse. Head injury with increased intracranial pressure (ICP) is suspected. The nurse understands that late signs of increased ICP include which manifestations?
Numbers 1, 5, and 6 are correct.
Rationale: Late signs of increased ICP include seizures, severe headache, and nausea and vomiting (often projectile). Irritability, restlessness, and disorientation are early signs of increased ICP.